Oligonucleotides are a group of short-chain nucleotides with less than 20 bases (including nucleotides in deoxyribonucleic acid DNA or ribonucleic acid RNA). Oligonucleotides can be easily linked with their complementary pairs, so they are often used as probes to determine the structure of DNA or RNA, and are often used in gene chip, electrophoresis, fluorescence in situ hybridization and other processes.

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) synthesized by oligonucleotides can be used for chain polymerization reaction, and can amplify and determine almost all DNA fragments. In this process, oligonucleotides are used as primers, and are combined with complementary fragments marked by DNA to make copies of DNA.

Regulatory oligonucleotides are used to inhibit RNA fragments and prevent their translation into proteins, which can play a certain role in inhibiting cancer cell activity.